IELTS Vocabulary: Society — 20 Essential Words

The state of unequal distribution of opportunities, wealth, or status within a society.

“Income inequality has grown significantly in many developed nations over the past three decades.”

The quality of forming a united whole; in social contexts, a sense of community and shared values.

“Immigration can enrich a society culturally while also presenting challenges to social cohesion.”

Treated as insignificant or excluded from mainstream society.

“Marginalised communities often have less access to quality education and healthcare.”

The process by which more of a population comes to live in cities.

“Rapid urbanisation has strained housing and infrastructure in many developing cities.”

Relating to the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, income, or ethnicity.

“Ageing demographics present significant challenges for pension and healthcare systems.”

A system in which advancement is based on ability and effort rather than birth or wealth.

“Critics argue that true meritocracy is undermined by unequal access to quality education.”

The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different groups of people.

“Anti-discrimination legislation has improved workplace equality in many countries.”

Relating to or occurring between different generations.

“Intergenerational mobility — the ability to rise above one's parents' economic position — has declined in many countries.”

Relating to the responsibilities and activities of citizens.

“Encouraging civic participation strengthens democratic institutions.”

The cultural tendency to purchase goods and services in ever-increasing quantities.

“Growing consumerism has increased waste and contributed to environmental degradation.”